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"C programming language" redirects here. For the book, see The C Programming Language.
Not to be confused with C++ or C#.
C
Text says "The C Programming Language"
Cover graphic of The C Programming Language, co-authored by C's original designer Dennis Ritchie[1]
Paradigm Multi-paradigm: imperative (procedural), structured
Designed by Dennis Ritchie
Developer ANSI X3J11 (ANSI C); ISO/IEC JTC 1 (Joint Technical Committee 1) / SC 22 (Subcommittee 22) / WG 14 (Working Group 14) (ISO C)
First appeared 1972; 50 years ago[2]
Stable release
C17 / June 2018; 4 years ago
Preview release
C2x (N3054) / September 3, 2022; 2 months ago[3]
Typing discipline Static, weak, manifest, nominal
OS Cross-platform
Filename extensions .c, .h
Website www.iso.org/standard/74528.html
www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/w
g14/
Major implementations
pcc, GCC, Clang, Intel C, C++Builder, Microsoft Visual C++, Watcom C
Dialects
Cyclone, Unified Parallel C, Split-C, Cilk, C*
Influenced by
B (BCPL, CPL), ALGOL 68,[4] assembly, PL/I, FORTRAN
Influenced
Numerous: AMPL, AWK, csh, C++, C--, C#, Objective-C, D, Go, Java, JavaScript, JS++, Julia, Limbo, LPC, Perl, PHP, Pike, Processing, Python, Rust, Seed7, Vala, Verilog (HDL),[5] Nim, Zig
C Programming at Wikibooks
C (pronounced like the letter c) is a general-purpose computer programming language. It was created in the 1970s by Dennis Ritchie, and remains very widely used and influential. By design, C's features cleanly reflect the capabilities of the targeted CPUs. It has found lasting use in operating systems, device drivers, protocol stacks, though decreasingly[6] for application software. C is commonly used on computer architectures that range from the largest supercomputers to the smallest microcontrollers and embedded systems.

A successor to the programming language B, C was originally developed at Bell Labs by Ritchie between 1972 and 1973 to construct utilities running on Unix. It was applied to re-implementing the kernel of the Unix operating system.[7] During the 1980s, C gradually gained popularity. It has become one of the most widely used programming languages,[8][9] with C compilers available for almost[citation needed] all modern computer architectures and operating systems. C has been standardized by ANSI since 1989 (ANSI C) and by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).

C is an imperative procedural language supporting structured programming, lexical variable scope, and recursion, with a static type system. It was designed to be compiled to provide low-level access to memory and language constructs that map efficiently to machine instructions, all with minimal runtime support. Despite its low-level capabilities, the language was designed to encourage cross-platform programming. A standards-compliant C program written with portability in mind can be compiled for a wide variety of computer platforms and operating systems with few changes to its source code.[10]

Since 2000, C has consistently ranked among the top two languages in the TIOBE index, a measure of the popularity of programming languages.[11]