MD-MS-2017-2018 PG medical INDIA through management quota in Mysore Road

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M.D.S COURSES:

1. M.D.S in orthodontic
2. M.D.S in endodontics
3. M.D.S in pedodontics
4. M.D.S in periodontics
5. M.D.S in oral surgery
6. M.D.S in oral pathology
7. M.D.S in oral medicine
1]M.D.S in orthodontic
Orthodontist:Orthodontia, also known as orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics, is a specialty field of dentistry. An orthodontist is a specialist who has undergone special training in a dental school or college after they have graduated in dentistry. It was established by the efforts of pioneering orthodontists such as Edward Angle and Norman William Kingsley. The specialty deals primarily with the diagnosis, prevention and correction of malpositioned teeth and the jaws.

Orthodontics is a branch of dentistry that specializes in treating patients with improper positioning of teeth when the mouth is closed (malocclusion), which results in an improper bite.

Orthodontics also includes treating and controlling various aspects of facial growth (dentofacial orthopedics) and the shape and development of the jaw. An orthodontics specialist is called an orthodontist.

Orthodontics used to be called orthodontia - the word comes from the Greek orthos, meaning "straight, perfect or proper", and dontos, which means "teeth".
Orthodontics also includes cosmetic dentistry; when the patient's aim is to improve his/her appearance.

An orthodontist uses a range of medical dental devices, including headgear, plates, braces, etc. to help in:
Closing wide gaps between the teeth
Making sure the tips of the teeth are aligned
Straightening crooked teeth
To improve speech or eating (oral function)
To improve the long-term health of gums and teeth
To prevent long-term excessive wear or trauma (of the teeth)
Treating an improper bite

Orthodontic specialists:Orthodontic specialists practice in the branch of dentistry that is concerned with the supervision, guidance and correction of the growing and mature dentofacial structures and includes the diagnoses, prevention, interception and treatment of all forms of malocclusion of the teeth and associated alterations in their surrounding structures.

Specialist orthodontics is undertaken by a dental practitioner who possesses additional postgraduate qualifications, training, and experience recognized by the Council as appropriate for registration.

2] M.D.S in endodontics
Endodontics:Endodontists are dentists who specialize in saving teeth through different procedures which involve the pulp (nerve) and root of teeth. Endodontist comes from the Greek "endo" meaning inside and the word "odont" meaning tooth. All dentists are trained to treat and diagnose diseases of the pulp (nerve), however, some teeth can be especially difficult to diagnose and treat. Reason why some patients are referred to the endodontist.

An endodontist, as defined by the American Board of Endodontists, is a dental specialist in the treatment of diseases and injuries to the dental pulp, root and surrounding tissues of the teeth. Endodontists receive a "certificate in Endodontics" after additional 2-3 years of training in an accredited dental program after dental school.Endodontics

Endodontists are dentists who specialize in maintaining teeth through endodontic therapy - procedures, involving the soft inner tissue of the teeth, called the pulp. The word "endodontic" comes from "endo" meaning inside and "odont" meaning tooth. Like many medical terms, it's Greek. All dentists are trained in diagnosis and endodontic therapy, however, some teeth can be especially difficult to diagnose and treat. That s why you may have been referred to an endodontic specialist.

In addition to dental school, endodontist's receive two or more years of advanced education in this kind of treatment. They study root canal techniques and procedures in greater depth, for diagnosis and treatment of more difficult cases. For this reason, many dentists choose to refer their patients to endodontist.

Endodontic specialists:
Endodontic specialists practice in the branch of dentistry that is concerned with the morphology and pathology of the pulpo-dentine complex and periradicular tissues. Its study and practice encompasses the basic clinical sciences including the biology of the normal pulp, and the aetiology, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases and injuries to the pulp and associated perpendicular tissues.

Specialist endodontics is undertaken by a dental practitioner who possesses additional postgraduate qualifications, training and experience recognized by the Council as appropriate for registration.

3] M.D.S in pedodontics
The M. D. S. in Pedodontic & Preventive Dentistry is a three year Postgraduate program. This is a branch of dentistry which looks after the comprehensive oral health needs of children from birth till adolescence. The training includes didactic interaction & exposure to all kinds of real life clinical situations & is based on evidence-based information and utilizes problem-based learning among others.
Pedodontic dentistry, or pedodontic, is a highly specialized field of treatment for children. This dentistry for children focuses on a wide spectrum of conditions affecting dental development in youth. Most common pediatric dentistry services include fillings, extractions and preventative treatments.

Pediatric dentists promote the dental health of children as well as serve as educational resources for parents. It is recommended by the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) that a dental visit should occur within six months after the presence of the first tooth or by a child's first birthday. The AAPD has said that it is important to establish a comprehensive and accessible ongoing relationship between the dentist and patient referring to this as the patient's "dental home".This is because early oral examination aids in the detection of the early stages of tooth decay. Early detection is essential to maintain oral health, modify aberrant habits, and treat as needed and as simply as possible. Additionally, parents are given a program of preventative home care (brushing/flossing/fluorides), a caries risk assessment, information on finger, thumb, and pacifier habits, advice on preventing injuries to the mouth and teeth of children, diet counseling, and information on growth and development.

Duration of the Course : Three years from the date of commencement of classes.

4] M.D.S in periodontics
A periodontist is a dentist who specializes in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of periodontal disease, and in the placement of dental implants? Periodontists are also experts in the treatment of oral inflammation? Periodontists receive extensive training in these areas, including three additional years of education beyond dental school? They are familiar with the latest techniques for diagnosing and treating periodontal disease, and are also trained in performing cosmetic periodontal procedures?

Periodontists often treat more problematic periodontal cases, such as those with severe gum disease or a complex medical history? Periodontists offer a wide range of treatments, such as scaling and root planing (in which the infected surface of the root is cleaned) or root surface debridement (in which damaged tissue is removed)? They can also treat patients with severe gum problems using a range of surgical procedures? In addition, periodontists are specially trained in the placement, maintenance, and repair of dental implants

During the first visit, the periodontist usually reviews the patient s complete medical and dental histories? It is extremely important for the periodontist to know if any medications are being taken or if the patient is being treated for any condition that can affect periodontal care, such as heart disease, diabetes, or pregnancy?

The periodontist examines the gums, checks to see if there is any gum line recession, assesses how the teeth fit together when biting, and checks the teeth to see if any are loose? The periodontist will also take a small measuring instrument called a probe and place it between the teeth and gums to determine the depth of those spaces, known as periodontal pockets; this helps the periodontist assess the health of the gums? X-rays may also be taken to observe the health of the bone below the gum line?

WHO SHOULD SEE A PERIODONTIST?
Some patients periodontal needs can be managed by the general dentist? However, as more and more patients are exhibiting signs of periodontal disease, coupled with research that suggests a relationship between periodontal disease and other chronic diseases of aging, periodontal treatment may necessitate a greater understanding and increased level of expertise by a trained specialist? Patients who present with moderate or severe levels of periodontal disease, or patients with more complex cases, will be best managed by a partnership between the dentist and periodontist?

5] M.D.S in oral surgery
Oral SurgeryThe American Dental Association recognizes oral and maxillofacial surgery commonly referred to as oral surgery as one of dentistry's nine specialty areas. This dental specialty focuses on the diagnosis and surgical and adjunctive treatment of diseases, injuries and defects related to the functional and esthetic aspects of the face, mouth, teeth and jaws (maxillofacial area).

Conditions Treated With Oral Surgery:An oral surgeon is an important link in your referral network of primary care providers. When functional dental concerns such as keeping teeth, overcoming congenital growth issues, controlling serious oral disease and treating trauma-related damage supersede esthetics, oral surgeons are the appropriate dental specialists with whom to seek a referral.

General dentists, orthodontists, pediatric dentists and medical physicians usually serve as the referrers. Prosthodontists often work hand-in-hand with oral surgeons to develop orthotics and prosthetic appliances to treat a number of functional issues. However, it's important to note that whenever surgery involves the face, a cosmetic dentist should also be consulted as part of the dental team. Some patients also may wish to consult with a plastic surgeon.

An oral surgeon is skilled in the following:

Removing diseased and impacted teeth and administering anesthesia. An oral surgeon can remove impacted and damaged teeth and provide in-office anesthesia services, including intravenous (IV) sedation and general anesthesia.

Placing dental implants. In collaboration with a cosmetic or restorative dentist who designs your new smile or restorations, your oral surgeon can help with the planning and subsequent placement of your tooth implants. Oral surgeons can reconstruct bone in areas requiring it for implant placement and, when necessary or desired, modify gum tissue around the implants to produce a more natural and attractive appearance.

Treating facial trauma. Oral surgeons can repair minor-to-complex facial skin lacerations, set fractured jaw and facial bones, reconnect severed nerves and treat other facial injuries involving the oral tissues, jaws, cheek and nasal bones, eye sockets, and the forehead.

Evaluating pathologic conditions. Oral surgeons treat patients with benign cysts and tumors of the mouth and face, as well as people with malignant oral, head and neck cancer, and severe infections of the oral cavity, salivary glands, jaws and neck.

Alleviating facial pain. An oral surgeon can diagnose and treat facial pain disorders, including those caused by temporomandibular joint (TMJ) problems. Your oral surgeon can order imaging studies of the joints and make appropriate referrals to other dental and medical specialists, or a physical therapist. When non-surgical treatment is insufficient or there is definite joint damage, your oral surgeon may suggest surgery.

Performing reconstructive and cosmetic surgery. Oral surgeons can correct jaw, facial bone and facial soft tissue problems that result from trauma or the removal of cysts and tumors. Such corrective surgeries restore form and function to the maxillofacial area and often involve using skin, bone, nerves and different tissues from other parts of the body to reconstruct the jaws and face.

Performing corrective jaw (orthognathic) surgery. Oral surgeons correct minor and major skeletal and dental jaw irregularities to improve chewing, speaking and breathing. Usually in collaboration with an orthodontist (a dental specialist who treats improper bites or malocclusions), an oral surgeon surgically reconstructs and realigns the upper and lower jaws into proper dental and facial relationships in order to improve biting function and facial appearance. Oral surgeons also surgically correct birth (congenital) defects of the face and skull, such as cleft lip and cleft palate.

Your dentist, orthodontist and oral surgeon all must collaborate to determine whether orthognathic surgery is right for you or your child. However, it is the oral surgeon who decides which procedure is appropriate. As part of the dental team, the oral surgeon often provides surgical consultation and educational and emotional support for the family over the course of long-term treatment.

Providing surgical treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). If your dentist suspects that you have a sleep disorder, you will likely be referred to a sleep clinic for a polysomnography, an overnight clinic test that monitors your sleep patterns. Your dentist then will help select the best treatment for you based on whether your OSA is mild, moderate or severe. If non-surgical treatments such as behavior modification or oral appliances do not work, your dentist may refer you to an oral surgeon for a surgical procedure. Surgical procedures to correct sleep apnea include:

Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, which shortens and stiffens the soft palate by partially removing the uvula and the edge of the soft palate to correct airway collapses
Genioglossus advancement, which opens the upper breathing passage by tightening the front tongue tendon, reducing tongue displacement into the throat
Maxillomandibular advancement, which surgically moves both jaws forward to open the upper airway

Education and Training for Oral Surgeons

To be certified as a diplomate of the American Board of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, an oral and maxillofacial surgeon (commonly called an OMFS or oral surgeon) must graduate from an accredited dental school and be licensed in the state in which he/she is practicing. The oral surgeon also must have completed four or more additional years of training in an accredited, hospital-based oral and maxillofacial surgery residency program.

Oral surgeon residents train alongside medical residents in general surgery, advanced anesthesia, plastic surgery (reconstructive or bone grafting/tissue grafting), medicine and pathology. An OMFS may treat patients in hospitals, outpatient facilities and surgery centers, as well as in a dental practice setting.
Choosing an Oral Surgeon

When selecting an oral surgeon, key questions to consider include:

How long has the oral surgeon been in practice? Ideally you want to select and be referred to an oral surgeon who has built a successful practice through years of experience. The more procedures an oral surgeon has performed, the more experience and expertise he or she can offer you.

What is the oral surgeon's training and clinical experience in performing the specific procedure(s) you require? Ask about his or her experiences, knowledge and background with your particular problem.

What professional dental societies does the oral surgeon belong to? Has the oral surgeon received any credentials or credible accolades from these groups? Select an oral surgeon that is certified as a diplomate of the American Board of Oral and Maxiollofacial Surgery.

What continuing education courses has the oral surgeon taken?
How recently have they been completed?
Each state and the American Dental Association require that dentists take continuing education classes to keep them up-to-date on the latest procedures and technological advances in the field.

What is the oral surgeon's diagnosis and proposed treatment plan?
Be sure to ask about all the options to treat or correct your condition, as well as the pros and cons of each. Make sure that all aspects are thoroughly explained to you.

What are the estimated costs of the proposed treatment options? In cases where dental insurance does not cover treatment costs, does the oral surgeon offer third party and/or in-house financing?

What is the oral surgeon's referral process and dental/medical/laboratory/hospital network? When your oral surgeon works in collaboration with other dental and medical professionals on your case, it is important that you have the same level of trust and confidence in their professional skills and care as you do in those of your oral surgeon. You also need to determine whether these dental/medical professionals as well as the hospital and/or other surgical center where they and/or your oral surgeon may practice accept your insurance, and whether the specific treatments/procedures they will perform are covered under your insurance plan. If laboratory-fabricated restorations are involved, is the laboratory technician certified or accredited? How long has your oral surgeon worked with this laboratory/technician? Is your oral surgeon satisfied with the quality of the laboratory and/or technician?

6] M.D.S in oral pathology

Oral pathology-Oral and maxillofacial pathology (also termed oral pathology, stomatognathic disease, dental disease, or mouth disease) refers to the diseases of the mouth ("oral cavity" or "stoma"), jaws ("maxillae" or "gnath") and related structures such as salivary glands, mandibular joints, facial muscles and peripheral skin (the skin around the mouth).The mouth is an important organ with many different functions. It is also prone to a variety of medical and dental disorders.

The specialty oral and maxillofacial pathology is concerned with diagnosis and study of the causes and effects of diseases affecting the oral and maxillofacial region. It is sometimes considered to be a specialty of dentistry and pathology.Sometimes the term head and neck pathology is used instead, but this might imply that the pathologist deals with otorhinolaryngologic disorders (i.e. ear, nose and throat) in addition to maxillofacial disorders. In this role there is some overlap between the expertise of head and neck pathologists and that of endocrine pathologists.

7] M.D.S in oral medicine

Oral Medicine is the discipline of dentistry concerned with the oral health care of medically complex patients--including the diagnosis and management of medical conditions that affect the oral and maxillofacial region.
Oral medicine (sometimes termed dental medicine, oral and maxillofacial medicine or stomatology) is a specialty focused on the mouth and nearby structures. It lies at the interface between medicine and dentistry.
Oral Medicine is the specialty of dentistry concerned with the oral health care of patients with chronic, recurrent and medically related disorders of the oral and maxillofacial region, and with their diagnosis and non-surgical management.

Scope:The orofacial pain region: "pain localized to the region above the neck, in front of the ears and below the orbitomeatal line, as well as pain within the oral cavity; pain of dental origin and temporomandibular disorders".
Oral medicine is concerned with clinical diagnosis and non-surgical management of non-dental pathologies affecting the orofacial region (the mouth and the lower face).

Many systemic diseases have signs or symptoms that manifest in the orofacial region. Pathologically, the mouth may be afflicted by many cutaneous and gastrointestinal conditions. There is also the unique situation of hard tissues penetrating the epithelial continuity (hair and nails are intra-epithelial tissues). The biofilm that covers teeth therefore causes unique pathologic entities known as plaque-induced diseases.

Example conditions that oral medicine is concerned with are lichen planus, Beh et's disease and pemphigus vulgaris. Moreover, it involves the diagnosis and follow-up of pre-malignant lesions of the oral cavity, such as leukoplakias or erythroplakias and of chronic and acute pain conditions such as paroxysmal neuralgias, continuous neuralgias, myofascial pain, atypical facial pain, autonomic cephalalgias, headaches and migraines. Another aspect of the field is managing the dental and oral condition of medically compromised patients such as cancer patients suffering from related oral mucositis, bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws or oral pathology related to radiation therapy. Additionally, it is involved in the diagnosis and management of dry mouth conditions (such as Sj gren's syndrome) and non-dental chronic orofacial pain, such as burning mouth syndrome, trigeminal neuralgia and temporomandibular joint disorder.

specialization in M.D.S
M.D.S in orthodontic,
M.D.S in pedodontics,
M.D.S in endodontics,
M.D.S in periodontics,
M.D.S in oral surgery,
M.D.S in oral pathology,
M.D.S in oral medicine,
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