Device Drivers & Embedded Linux Programing Training Workshop

Embedded Linux and Device Drivers Programming Training Workshop

Course Outline:
Embedded Linux System Development

•Introduction to Embedded Linux ( Obisense )

- What is Embedded System?
- Anatomy of an Embedded System
- Why Linux?
- Is Linux Real-Time Enough?
- The Status of Embedded Linux Today
- Which Embedded Linux Distribution to Choose?
- Embedded Linux Architecture

•Basic requirements for Embedded Linux Product Development

•Building Development Environment ( Obisense )

- The four basic elements: toolchain, bootloader, kernel, root file system
- Configuration, compilation and cross-compiling

•Target & Host Setup

•Setting Up Networking Services

- Network Settings
-Static and Dynamic IP addresses
- Subnet mask
- Setting up services
- TFTP
- DHCP
- HTTP
- FTP etc
- SNMP
- Telnet
- SSHD
- loading files using TFTP, HTTP, FTP etc.

•Bootloader commands and usage

- Getting familiar with bootloader commands
- Downloading kernel images and RootFS on Target board.

•Loading RootFS in Platfrom by various techniques

- Configuring TFTP and downloading kernel image over TFTP.
- Configuring NFS and using rootfs over NFS.
- Using SD-Card for rootfs.
- Using USB for rootfs.

•Building an Embedded File System from Scratch

- Creating a minimal root file-system using Busybox
- Creating a RAM disk image

•Building Your Own Embedded Linux Distribution

- Buildroot
- Scratchbox
- OpenEmbedded
- Crosstool

•Kernel Configuration and Compilation

- Kernel Building System
- Patching the Kernel
- Kernel Configuration for Embedded Systems Settings (Porting)
- Cross-compiling the Linux Kernel

•Booting Linux

- The Linux boot sequence
- boot-loaders : U-boot
- System Initialization Scripts
1.Bring up X11 (X-Windows) on Embedded Platform (GUI)
2.Loading various RootFS (Distributions) in platform
- Angstrom
- Ubuntu
- Fedora etc. RootFS
Linux Device Driver Programming
An introduction to device drivers

•Kernel Module Programming Basics

- User space vs Kernel space
- Kernel Architecture or Model
- Splitting the kernel
- Kernel modules
- Kernel Module vs Applications
- Role of the Device Drivers
- Classes of devices and modules

•Kernel Debugging Techniques

- Kernel Debugging: dmesg, printk
- Lab exercises for above mentioned topics

•Accessing Hardware Mechanisms

- System Memory
- Device Memory
- I/O Ports
- I/O ports vs. memory mapping
- Allocating and mapping I/O space
- Functions for reading and writing I/O ports
- Side effects and compiler optimization
- I/O APIs
- Driver example
- Barriers
- Accessing hardware from User Space

•The proc file system programming

- Using /proc
- Creating proc file system entries
- Registration
- Reading from /proc
- Writing to /proc
- Lab exercises

•Communicating with Hardware

- Using I/O Ports
- Example: the Parallel Port
- Side effects and compiler optimization
- I/O APIs
- The hardware
- Driver example
- Barriers
- Accessing hardware from User Space
- User-Mode Access to Devices
- open, close, read, write
- ioctl
- ioperm, iopl, inb, outb
- mmap, munmap

•Hardware and Interrupt Handling

- Installing and implementing an interrupt handler
- Restrictions of kernel code running in interrupt context
- IRQs & their Registration
- IRQ Handling & Control
- Top & Bottom Halves
- Autodetecting IRQ's
- Kernel Help in detecting IRQ's
- Probing for the interrupt source
- Enabling and Disabling Interrupts
- Lab exercises

•Tasklets and Bottom halves

- Task queues
- Lab exercises

•Kernel Threads

- Lab exercises
Sleep and wakeup (wait queues)
Buffer allocation
Memory Mapping and DMA

•Direct Memory Access/Bus Mastering

1.Consistent Mapping
2.Streaming Mapping
3.Scatter/Gather Mapping

•Memory Management

- Allocating Memory
- Accessing Memory
- Get Some Space (kmalloc()), kfree(), various flags
- Get Some Pages (get_free_page())
- Get Some Virtual Memory - vmalloc()
- Get Some Boot-time Space

•Kernel Synchronization

- UP vs SMP Issues
- Combating Race Conditions
- Atomic Operations
- Semaphores
- Spin Locks
- Lab exercises
Concurrency and Race Conditions
Time, Delays and Deferred Work
- Kernel Timers
- Timer handling
- HZ and Jiffies
- Time of Day
- Delayed Execution
- Kernel Timers
- Implementing time delays – example
- Current time
The Linux Device Model
Character Device Drivers
- Registering a character device driver
- The file structure
- Major and minor numbers
- Character Device Methods open(), release(), read(), write()
- Data Transfers between User Process and Driver
- copy_from_user(), copy_to_user()
- Making a Device File
- Memory Access in Kernel Space
- Programming with ioctl( ), mmap()
- devfs / lseek /ioctl
- Lab exercises
- Writing various Character Drivers
- Null Driver
- Memory Based Driver
- IO PORT (Hardware) Based Driver

•Enhanced Character Device Drivers

- Driver and Device Control with 'ioctl()'
- Blocking VS Non-Blocking I/O
- Sleep vs Wakeup
- poll()
- llseek()
- Access Control through Drivers

•Programming with ioctl( )

- writing device driver with ioctl()
- Adding ioctl’s in an existing device driver
- Lab exercises

•Netlink socket interface

- point to point, multicast and broadcast
- UDP, TCP and Raw sockets
- Writed kernel module and userspace applilcations using Netlink sockets
- Lab exercises

•Network Drivers

- The net_device structure in detail
- Packet transmission
- Packet reception
- Simulating a network device
- Making changes in Ethernet drivers in kernel Source.
- Lab exercises

•Block Device Drivers

- Handling requests
- Ram Disk Driver
- Block drivers structures
- Flash memory Drivers
-Driver Registration
-Disk Drive Registration
Block Device Operations & its related Kernel DS
Request Queues & their Processing
- Lab exercises

•Adding a Driver to the Kernel Tree

•A sample device driver project

ADVETECH,
2nd FLOOR, PARK ROYAL,
7th STREET, GANDHIPURAM,
COIMBATORE-12.
PH NO: 0422 4361114.
MOBILE: 97913-33110.