Diploma in Linux Internals & Advanced Programming

Kernel Internals

· Introduction to Kernel

- History of Linux
- Types of Kernel
- The Linux kernel
- Kernel Facilities
- Kernel Architecture
- Kernel Version Numbers
- Configure, Compile Kernel

· The File System

- Virtual File system & its role
- Files associated with a process
- System Calls

· Process management

- Process Defined
- Process Descriptor Structures in the kernel
- Process States
- Process Scheduling
- Process Creation
- System calls related to process management

· Memory Management

- Defining and Creating secondary memory areas
- Memory allocation & deallocation system calls malloc, calloc, alloca,free
- Demand Paging defined
- Process Organization in Memory
- Virtual Memory Management
- Address Translation and page fault handling
- Buddy System Algorithm
- Slab Allocator
- Swapping Memory Areas
- Memory Mapping
- Zones and Pages
- Address Space
- Block Device Caching
- High Memory
- Paging

· Interrupts

- About Interrupts
- Interrupt Handlers
- Softirqs
- Tasklets
- Work Queues

· Time and Timers

- HZ and Jiffies
- Time of Day
- Delayed Execution
- Kernel Timers

· Conceptual understanding of Device Drivers

- Character Device Drivers
- Block Device Driers
- Network Device Drivers

· Kernel Configuration and Compilation

- Kernel Building System
- Patching the Kernel
- Kernel Configuration
- Compiling the Linux Kernel

· Kernel Parameters

- Build-Time Parameters
- Boot-Time Parameters
- Run-Time Parameters
- System Tuning

· Kernel Synchronization

- UP vs SMP Issues
- Atomic Operations
- Semaphores
- Spin Locks

· Boot Process – understanding Power ON to login prompt process

- BIOS Level
- Boot Loader
- Setup, startup_32 functions
- Available Bootloaders – GRUB, UBoot, etc.
- Role of a Bootloader
- Bootloader Phase
- Kernel Initialisation Phase
- The start_kernel() function
- System Initialisation Phase
- Understanding Runlevels
- Various initialization scripts & customizing them
- Kernel Command-Line Boot Parameters

Linux Advanced Programming

· Arguments , the environment, and popular system functions

- Arguments to a program.
- Retrieving information from the environment.
- How to use getopt() effectively.
- Discovering the date and time
- Getting system information.

· File I/O

- Library functions and system calls for I/O
- Getting file status information with stat()
- Processing directories and directory entries.

· Shell Commands & Shell Scripting

- Basic Shell commands
- Bash Shell Essentials

· Creating Makefiles

- Makefile basics
- Creating make files for single or multiple source files project

· Creating Libraries

- Creating Static Library
- Creating Shared Library

· Multi Process Programming

- Creating child processes
- fork(). vfork(), exec()
- Parent synchronization with child

· Multi Thread Programming

- Creating multiple threads
- Parent synchronization with other Threads

· Inter Process Communication

- Pipes, FIFO’s,
- Signals
- System-V IPC’s
- Message queues
- Shared memory
- Semaphores

· Introduction to Sockets

- An Overview
- System calls related to TCP and UDP sockets
- Using Wireshark for network sniffing

· Network Programming

- TCP Server Client Programming
- UDP Server Client Programming
- Lab exercises

· Programming & Debugging Tools

- Debugging and Analysis Tools
- strace : Tracing System calls
- ltrace : Tracing Library calls
- Using gdb and ddd utilities
- Core Dump Analysis etc

· Applications Development and Debugging

- Application Development
- Source Code Management

· Source Code Version Control

- Understanding need of Version Control System
- cvs
- svn
- git

Pre-Requisites :

Basic C programming
Familiar with Linux OS, but not essential.
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