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SAP OIL and GAS Interview Questions and Answers
• What are offshore installations?
Oil and gas offshore installations are industrial towns at sea, carrying the personnel and equipment needed to access reservoirs thousands of feet below the seabed, and maintain continuous hydrocarbon production. The most important functions are drilling, preparing water or gas for injection into the reservoir, processing the oil and gas before sending it ashore, and cleaning the produced water for disposal into the sea.
Big fixed platforms may have all these functions in one location, but smaller platforms may be dedicated to just one function, such as drilling or gas compression. Some installations can be moved from one location to another, for example mobile drilling rigs and production FPSOs.
• What are onshore installations?
These are installations on land and usually close to the sea which receive oil and gas from offshore installations via pipeline (or in the case of oil sometimes by tanker). These installations prepare the liquid products for further refining - but they are not the refineries. They also take the natural gas and make it suitable for piping into the National Grid. At some installations gas liquids are processed.
• What actually happens offshore?
The popular image of offshore work often centers on a muddy drill floor, where wells are drilled to target the reservoirs of oil and gas below the surface - but this is only the beginning of the story.
The top end of each production well sprouts a branching series of pipes, gauges and valves called the 'Christmas tree'. At this point, crude oil is a hot, frothy, corrosive, high-pressure fluid containing gas, water and sand.
After separation, the crude oil is metered and pumped into the pipeline, or stored until sent ashore by tanker.
The gas separated from the oil may be used for fuel, or compressed and piped to shore or re-injected into the reservoir. Any gas that cannot be used is burnt in the platform's flare, very little gas is now flared.
Processing systems for the gas fields of the southern North Sea are relatively simple. The gas liquids are removed and then the gas is compressed, cooled, dehydrated and metered before being piped to shore.
All production and drilling systems have to be monitored constantly for leaks, since oil and gas are hazardous and extremely flammable.
There is no mains electricity offshore! Power has to be generated on the installation to drive production and drilling equipment, and to support life.
In other words, offshore installations are packed with complex equipment and systems that need to be operated and maintained safely by highly skilled people who understand the technology and the processes involved, and who can work together in integrated teams.
• What is the purpose and Integration features of SAP Oil and Gas?
SAP Oil & Gas (TSW - Trader's and Scheduler's Workbench)
Purpose
Trader's and Scheduler's Workbench (TSW) provides functions for stock projection and for planning and scheduling bulk shipments using nominations. TSW provides the relevant master data to model the supply chain. The stock projection, planning, and nomination processes enable the scheduler to schedule bulk shipments while taking into account supply, demand, and available transportation.
Prerequisites
To use the component TSW, you must activate TSW in the current system and client. To do this, in Customizing for Industry Solution Oil & Gas (Downstream) choose TSW (Trader's and Scheduler's Workbench) ? Basic Functions?? Specify TSW control parameters and select the TSW active indicator.
Integration
To ensure full integration with the SAP Oil & Gas solution, the underlying document flow of a scheduled goods movement is initiated by the TSW user. This involves the automatic creation of shipments using the Transportation and Distribution (TD) component, and the creation of all TD-relevant and subsequent material movement documents.
The Oil Quantity Conversion function provided in the SAP Oil & Gas solution is also integrated with TSW. In order for the Quantity Conversion Interface (QCI) to work properly in TSW, the necessary conversion data must be defined for the material, plant, storage location, and batch.
Features
Master Data
The following master data objects in the TSW application:
Transport system (TS)
Location (business location) and material
Partner role
Master data objects in the R/3 System, such as customer, vendor, or plant are linked to the locations and transport system using TSW partner roles.
Processes and Functions
The following planning tools are provided by the TSW application:
Planning (Replenishment Proposals and Safety/Target Stock Calculation)
Stock Projection Worksheet (SPW)
Location Balancing
Worklist
The following scheduling tools are provided by the TSW application:
Three-Way Pegging (3WP)
Berth Planning Board (BPB)
Nomination
Ticketing
Worklist
The following sequence is recommended to properly model the supply chain using TSW master data objects:
You define you transport system in the TSW master data transaction.
You define locations or business locations in the TSW master data transaction.
You assign materials to locations.
You assign locations to the transport system.
You create partner roles for the transport system and/or locations.
The following sequence is recommended to properly set up planning data:
You generate the Stock Projection Worksheet.
You use the Stock Projection Worksheet to perform stock projection.
Generating the Stock Projection Worksheet is required, before using the Planning functions or Worklist for the first time.
You generate the replenishment proposals based on the demand information from the Stock Projection Worksheet.
You generate the Worklist.
The following sequence is an example of a scheduling scenario:
You create a nomination and assign documents to nomination line items.
You send the nomination to your partner, such as a carrier.
You confirm or reject nomination line items, based on information from the carrier.
You enter the ticket details based on the carrier ticket and physical goods movements.
You validate the ticket against the nomination line items.