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10 key elements to keep in mind as you polish your website.


1. Links

While styling the various states of a link is indeed rather basic, you might be surprised by just how often all of the extra details are overlooked. Include the following states for all links on the page:
Normal
This is the default state of a link; i.e. one that is not being hovered over or being clicked or pointing to a URL that the user has already visited. This is the link format that the majority of designers always cover.
Visited
This is a link that is not being hovered over or clicked but whose target has been visited by the user.
Active
An active link is one that is currently being clicked by the user. Most developers will replicate the hover state here if a style is not provided to them.
Hover
Finally, the hover state is what the link looks like when the user mouses over it. This and the normal states are the ones most designers prepare for.

2. Forms

For many designers, the configuration of forms is critical and impossible to overlook. Yet, for many others, it seems to come as a distant afterthought.
Form label
Forms typically collect personal data that users are reluctant to give out. As such, properly informing users of the exact purpose of the form is wise.
Input fields and labels
Secondly, plan for how the input fields of the form will be laid out on the page and how the labels for those fields will be styled and oriented relative to the fields.
this business-critical form on Awesome was clearly well thought out. The entire mission and purpose of the page has been carefully considered. From the title and introduction to the layout of each set of fields, with their labels and control styles, this form is a model of planning.

Planning for forms actually leads us to several other considerations…

3. Button behavior

Buttons can be used throughout a website for various purposes, but they too seem to be often neglected, as do the various states of a button. The four states of a button are:
Default
This is the default state of a button, waiting to be clicked. Most designers cover this one but miss the others.
Hover
The hover state is seen when the user mouses over the button. This state is helpful to indicate to the user that the button is an actionable item.
Click
Once the user clicks the button, this state visually indicates to them that they have clicked it. Providing this visual cue can help minimize the frustration of users.
Disabled
The disabled state of a button is perhaps the least used but can be very helpful to developers. Seldom is this state planned unless the designer has prepared a validation process for the form (see the next section).

Much like the various states of links, be sure to consider the various states of the buttons used throughout your website. From pop-up log-in forms to search fields to newsletter sign-up forms, all of these buttons will need corresponding styles.

4. Form validation

An important related detail is form validation. This is the critical point where the website communicates the user requirements and errors in a form. There are three core things to consider:
Required fields
All required fields should be indicated. Most often, this is done with an asterisk, as seen on Please Start From the Beginning:


Real-time validation
Some validation can be done in real time as the user completes the form. This kind of validation informs the user as quickly as possible of any problems with the data they have inputted. This can be accomplished very well with this jQuery validation plug-in:

Post-back validation
This kind of validation happens after the user has submitted the form. The style used for real-time validation is often repeated here, but another option is to group all errors into a single message, as seen on Moo:

5. Status messages: errors, warnings, confirmations, etc.

Users will usually need some sort of feedback after performing an action on your website. The most likely scenario is after submitting a form, but many other events could occur as well. Carefully consider your website and the actions that users might take, and plan for the messages that the website will need to communicate.

On Life Today, we see a validation message that could easily serve as a global style for error messages. And with a slight change in colors and icons, it could also be used for subtler warning or even confirmation messages:


6. Extending the background on larger screens

Depending on the style of the website, the background elements could be a trouble spot for your developers. Most backgrounds are simple and don’t require much preparation, but some are complicated by gradients, patterns and imagery.

Considering that big monitors are becoming more and more commonplace and that most designs are planned for a 960-pixel-wide baseline, a lot of screen real estate is left open. If your background includes anything remotely complicated, it behooves you to plan how it will extend to fill larger screens.

In the example that I built below, I had to accommodate for a wood texture that extended in all directions. Not the sort of thing you want a heavy-handed developer tackling.

7. Base HTML elements

For copy-heavy websites, the design and styling of base HTML elements are fundamental and should not be overlooked. But on many marketing-oriented websites that have a busy layout and a distinct visual style, the base elements are forgotten. And of course, the developer never gets far into creating a website before having to produce a standard page template anyway.

Here are the base elements to always plan for: paragraphs, headings 1 through 6, unordered and ordered lists, tabular data, form fields, images, and bold and italicized text.

On many websites I work on, I put together a style guide to aid the developers, something like this:

8. Website emails

One thing I don’t see any designer plan for is website-generated emails. Such a basic element is easy to miss because it is not typically the core focus of the website. And yet email is a powerful tool that can promote and extend a service.

My suggestion is to carefully review the contents of the website at the planning stage to look for any emails that might be sent. Some of the most common are:
Mailing list sign-up confirmation,
Registration confirmation,
Form-completion confirmation (such as for a contact form),
Order verification after a purchase.

If you really want to blow the minds of your clients and developers, prepare an email marketing template for the website, too. You’ll provide users with a seamless transition from the website to the inbox, and you’ll maintain careful control over the branding in its various forms.



9. Page stretching

The question of how a design will stretch to accommodate changing content is also rarely dealt with but could be critical, depending on the style of the website. Let’s look at an example where this could have been messed up:

Full Moon BBQ has a tight home page. This design does not allow for much movement or change in the content. Everything has a specific size and placement. So what happens if the owners decide to really lengthen the welcome message or add an image? Fortunately, they have planned for this. As you can see in this mock-up, I have edited the page to include double the text. The page extends perfectly and accommodates for it:

Preparing alternate versions of a layout with much more content can be extremely helpful in demonstrating how to plan for such a scenario.



10. Animations: pop-ups, tooltips, transitions, etc.

On a standard HTML and CSS website (i.e. without Flash), animations and transitions are so easy to overlook. And when overlooked, they will often not even be accommodated at all. So, if animations are critical, your best bet is to provide developers with a sample of how they should work so that the product functions as it should.

Tooltips
Those little pop-ups when users mouse over elements.
Image rotators
Home page slideshows are all the rage, and a wide range of options is available for transitions and styles.
Lightbox
You can style not only the lightbox itself, but also the transition to it.

Each of these animated elements has a distinct visual style that must be accommodated all on its own.


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