MS-01 to MS-04 IGNOU Solved Assignments

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MS-03 : ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT

1. Explain the critical elements of politico- legal environment of business citing examples and examine the interaction between political environment and business management.

2. What is the rationale for private sector development? Critically examine the problems and prospects of privatization.

3. What are the factors responsible for industrial sickness? Discuss the measures and policies adopted by the government to tackle the problem of industrial sickness in both non- Small Scale Industries (SSI) and SSI sector.

4. Discuss India s foreign investment policy in the post-reform period and highlight the major changes with relevant data.

5. Briefly review the impact of economic reforms in India in terms of their achievements and failures citing examples.

6. Write short notes on:
(i) Working of Public Sector
(ii) External Debt

MS - 04: ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE FOR MANAGERS

1. Explain the meaning of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles? Discuss in brief about the Accounting Concepts that are being followed in your organisation. Give your suggestions if any.

2. Discuss the different methods of depreciation and how these methods differ from each other.

3. The sales and profit of ABC Ltd for two successive years is as follows:

Previous Year (Rs in lakhs) Current Year (Rs in lakhs)
Number of units sold 15,000 20,500
Sales 37,500 5,125
Profit/Loss 825 1,178.75
On the basis of the information given above you are required to determine:

(a) The amount of fixed costs incurred by the firm.

(b) The Break Even point for the firm (both in rupees & units).
(c) The amount of sales to earn a profit of Rs 25 crores.

(d) Margin of Safety if actual sales of ABC Ltd is 17.5 crores.

4. XYZ Ltd is a leading manufacturer of decorative and industrial paints in India. The income statement (Exhibit 1) and the balance sheet (Exhibit 2) for the current year are given. Its sales next year are estimated to be 25 per cent higher on account of increase in demand for paints from the housing and commercial real estate sectors. The variable costs as percentage to sale are likely to remain constant. An increase of 12.5 per cent is estimated in fixed costs.

XYZ Ltd is planning to launch two new brands of luxury emulsions-Supercoat and Luxurycoat. The Supercoat paint would generate an additional Rs 600 crore sales and require an extra Rs. 400 crore investment involving installation of manufacturing and packaging machinery. While the additional fixed costs requirement would be Rs 150 crore, variable cost to sales ratio would not change. For manufacturing the Luxurycoat paint the additional investment requirement and sales generated would amount to Rs 600 crore and Rs 800 crore respectively. The variable cost ratio would remain constant but the fixed cost are expected to increase by Rs 240 crore. The XYZ Ltd has four alternative financing plans to choose from (Exhibit 3). Its current debt-equity ration is 5:1.

XYZ Ltd has hired Amar as a financial consultant to carry out the following tasks:

(1) What would its operating, financial and total leverages be next year without the new proposal?

(2) Assuming that the XYZ Ltd finances the projects using financing plan (A), determine the three leverages for the two projects individually. Which new brand is better?

(3) Which financing option should XYZ Ltd choose to if only Supercoat is to be manufactured?

(4) Calculate the financial breakeven points of each plan.

EXHIBIT 1 Income Statement, Current Year and Market Data (Rs crore)
Sales Rs 5,000
Variable costs (0.50) 2,500
Contribution 2,500
Fixed costs 1,000
EBIT 1,500
Interest 500
EBT 1,000
Tax (0.35) 350
EAT 650
Shares outstanding 10
EPS (Rs) 65
P/E ratio 20
Market price per share (MPS) (Rs) 1,300

EXHIBIT 2 Balance Sheet As at March 31, Current Year (Rs crore)
Liabilities Assets
Equity capital Rs 100 Fixed assets Rs 5,850
Reserve and Surpluses 900 Current assets:
10% Debt 5,000 Inventory Rs 550
Current liabilities 950 Receivables 300
Cash 250 1,100
6,950 6,950

EXHIBIT 3 Financing Options/Plans (Rs crore)
Plans Debentures Equity Shares Preference Shares P/E
Coupon Amount Number Face Rate Amount
rate (crore) value
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
A 0.12 Rs 1,000 - - - - 14
B - - 100 Rs 10 - - 30
C 0.11 400 60 10 - - 20
D - - 70 10 0.11 Rs 300 28

5. In your organisation or any other organisation of your choice try to find out the factors that are taken into consideration while making the dividend decisions.

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