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Goa, state of India, comprising a mainland district on the country s southwestern coast and an offshore island. It is located about 250 miles (400 km) south of Mumbai (Bombay). One of India s smallest states, it is bounded by the states of Maharashtra on the north and Karnataka on the east and south and by the Arabian Sea on the west. The capital is Panaji (Panjim), on the north-central coast of the mainland district. Formerly a Portuguese possession, it became a part of India in 1962 and attained statehood in 1987. Area 1,429 square miles (3,702 square km). Pop. (2011) 1,457,723.